Data sources

  1. Welfare Quality Network – Welfare Quality® Assessment Protocols
  2. EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar Schmidt C, Herskin M. Methodological guidance for the development of animal welfare mandates in the context of the Farm to Fork Strategy. EFSA Journal. 2022 Jul;20(7):e07403.
  3. Algers B, Blokhuis H, Bötner A, Broom DM, Costa P, Domingo M, Greiner M, Hartung J, Koenen F, Müller-Graf C, Raj M. Scientific opinion on welfare of dairy cows in relation to leg and locomotion problems based on a risk assessment with special reference to the impact of housing, feeding, management and genetic selection. EFSA Journal. 2009.
  4. Wageningen UR Livestock Research. Animal welfare risk assessment guidelines on housing and management (EFSA Housing Risk). EFSA Supporting Publications. 2010 Dec;7(11):87E.
  5. Meagher RK, Beaver A, Weary DM, von Keyserlingk MA. Invited review: A systematic review of the effects of prolonged cow–calf contact on behavior, welfare, and productivity. Journal of dairy science. 2019 Jul 1;102(7):5765-83.
  6. Beaver A, Meagher RK, von Keyserlingk MA, Weary DM. Invited review: A systematic review of the effects of early separation on dairy cow and calf health. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019 Jul 1;102(7):5784-810.
  7. Arnott G, Ferris CP, O’connell NE. Welfare of dairy cows in continuously housed and pasture-based production systems. Animal. 2017 Feb;11(2):261-73.
  8. A comparison of confinement and pasture systems for cows: What does the science say? (Arnott et al. 2015)
  9. Costa JH, Cantor MC, Adderley NA, Neave HW. Key animal welfare issues in commercially raised dairy calves: social environment, nutrition, and painful procedures. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 2019 Sep 13;99(4):649-60.
  10. Verdon M, Tilbrook A. A review of factors affecting the welfare of dairy calves in pasture-based production systems. Animal Production Science. 2021 Nov 16;62(1):1-20.
  11. Costa JH, Von Keyserlingk MA, Weary DM. Invited review: Effects of group housing of dairy calves on behavior, cognition, performance, and health. Journal of Dairy Science. 2016 Apr 1;99(4):2453-67.
  12. Gleerup KB, Andersen PH, Munksgaard L, Forkman B. Pain evaluation in dairy cattle. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2015 Oct 1;171:25-32.
  13. EFSA AHAW Panel (EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Animal Welfare), NielsenSS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Schmidt CG,Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K,Velarde A, Viltrop A, Jensen MB, Waiblinger S, Candiani D, Lima E, Mosbach-Schulz O, Van der Stede Y,Vitali M and Winckler C, 2023. Scientific Opinion on the welfare of calves. EFSA Journal 2023;21(3):7896, 197 pp.https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7896
  14. EFSA AHAW Panel (EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Animal Welfare), NielsenSS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Schmidt CG,Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A,Viltrop A, De Boyer des Roches A, Jensen MB, Mee J, Green M, Thulke H-H, Bailly‐Caumette E,Candiani D, Lima E, Van der Stede Y and Winckler C, 2023. Scientific Opinion on the welfare of dairy cows. EFSA Journal 2023;21(5):7993, 177 pp.https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7993
  15. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Animal health and welfare aspects of different housing and husbandry systems for adult breeding boars, pregnant, farrowing sows and unweaned piglets‐Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare. EFSA Journal. 2007 Oct;5(10):572.
  16. Rioja-Lang FC, Connor M, Bacon HJ, Lawrence AB, Dwyer CM. Prioritization of farm animal welfare issues using expert consensus. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020 Jan 10;6:495.
  17. Ison SH, Clutton RE, Di Giminiani P, Rutherford KM. A review of pain assessment in pigs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2016 Nov 28;3:108.
  18. EFSA AHAW Panel (EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare), Nielsen SS,Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gort ́azarSchmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Roberts HC, Stahl K, Velarde A,Viltrop A, Winckler C, Edwards S, Ivanova S, Leeb C, Wechsler B, Fabris C, Lima E, Mosbach-Schulz O,Van der Stede Y, Vitali M and Spoolder H, 2022. Scientific Opinion on the welfare of pigs on farm.EFSA Journal 2022;20(8):7421, 319 pp.https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7421
  19. Rioja-Lang FC, Connor M, Bacon HJ, Lawrence AB, Dwyer CM. Prioritization of farm animal welfare issues using expert consensus. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020 Jan 10;6:495.
  20. Nalon E, Contiero B, Gottardo F, Cozzi G. The welfare of beef cattle in the scientific literature from 1990 to 2019: a text mining approach. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2021 Jan 11;7:588749.
  21. Beef Cattle – Key Welfare Issues (RSPCA)
  22. EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW). Scientific Opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and the welfare in intensive calf farming systems. EFSA Journal. 2012 May;10(5):2669.
  23. Cow Talk, CSIRO Publishing (Chapter 4, Cattle Behaviour)
  24. Rioja-Lang FC, Connor M, Bacon HJ, Lawrence AB, Dwyer CM. Prioritization of farm animal welfare issues using expert consensus. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020 Jan 10;6:495.
  25. Krista M. McLennan, Carlos J.B. Rebelo, Murray J. Corke, Mark A. Holmes, Matthew C. Leach & Fernando Constantino-Casas (2016). Development of a facial expression scale using footrot and mastitis as models of pain in sheep. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 176, Pages 19-26.
  26. Manteca X, Temple D, Mainau E, Llonch P. Assessment of pain in sheep. The Animal Welfare Factsheet No. 2017;17.
  27. De Jong I, Berg C, Butterworth A, Estevéz I. Scientific report updating the EFSA opinions on the welfare of broilers and broiler breeders. EFSA Supporting Publications. 2012 Jun 1;9(6).
  28. EFSA AHAW Panel (EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Animal Welfare), NielsenSS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Schmidt CG,Herskin M, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A,Viltrop A, Winckler C, Tiemann I, de Jong I, Gebhardt-Henrich SG, Keeling L, Riber AB, Ashe S,Candiani D, Garc ́ıa Matas R, Hempen M, Mosbach-Schulz O, Rojo Gimeno C, Van der Stede Y, Vitali M,Bailly-Caumette E and Michel V, 2023. Scientific Opinion on the welfare of broilers on farm. EFSAJournal 2023;21(2):7788, 236 pp.
  29. Wageningen UR Livestock Research. Animal welfare risk assessment guidelines on housing and management (EFSA Housing Risk). EFSA Supporting Publications. 2010 Dec;7(EFSA AHAW Panel (EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Animal Welfare), NielsenSS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gort ́azarSchmidt C, Herskin M, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K,Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Estevez I, Guinebreti`ere M, Rodenburg B, Schrader L, Tiemann I, VanNiekerk T, Ardizzone M, Ashe S, Hempen M, Mosbach-Schulz O, Gimeno Rojo C, Van der Stede Y, VitaliM and Michel V, 2023. Scientific Opinion on the welfare of laying hens on farm. EFSA Journal 2023;21(2):7789, 188 pp.

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